Farsi Translation of Four Additional Items for the Addictive Features Section of the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory Version 3.1

Document Type : Letter(s) to Editor

Authors

1 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Education, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth, England, UK

2 Department of Psychology, Manchester University, Manchester, England, UK

3 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz Branch, Bandargaz, Iran

4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

10.34172/ahj.1634

Abstract

Dear Editor,

Self-harm (non‐suicidal self‐injury) is a major global health issue,1 especially among adolescents2 and psychiatric patients.3 The association of self-harm and the risk of suicide is extensively documented.1 Interest in self‐harm by both clinicians and researchers is now well-established4. This growing interest has been accompanied by the development of several psychometric instruments to examine the prevalence, frequency, and psychological functions of self-harm.5,6 One such scale is the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI-3.1).6,7 The OSI 3.1 is a 26‐item self‐report questionnaire aimed at measuring the occurrence, frequency (eight items), types (eighteen items), and functions (seven items) of self‐harm.

Recent research has examined the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the OSI-3.1)8 among a sample of 310 hospitalised patients who had been referred to Nekoei-Hedayati Hospital, Qom City, Iran, with non-suicidal self-injury. The results showed that the Persian version of the OSI 3.1 had satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.71) and validity (Content Validity Index [CVI] 0.75; Content Validity Ratio [CVR] 0.79) in this sample. Moreover, it was also found that 52% of the sample reported at least one addictive characteristic. These findings are of importance to a better understanding of research and practice of self-harm in at least three potentially significant ways.

Keywords


1. Lim KS, Wong CH, McIntyre RS, Wang J, Zhang Z, Tran BX,
et al. Global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal
behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in
children and adolescents between 1989 and 2018: a metaanalysis.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22):4581.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224581.
2. Denton EG, Álvarez K. The global prevalence of
nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents. JAMA
Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2415406. doi: 10.1001/
jamanetworkopen.2024.15406.
3. Farooq S, Tunmore J, Wajid Ali M, Ayub M. Suicide, selfharm
and suicidal ideation during COVID-19: a systematic
review. Psychiatry Res. 2021;306:114228. doi: 10.1016/j.
psychres.2021.114228.
4. Turner BJ, Austin SB, Chapman AL. Treating nonsuicidal
self-injury: a systematic review of psychological and
pharmacological interventions. Can J Psychiatry.
2014;59(11):576-85. doi: 10.1177/070674371405901103.
5. Randall JR, Colman I, Rowe BH. A systematic review of
psychometric assessment of self-harm risk in the emergency
department. J Affect Disord. 2011;134(1-3):348-55. doi:
10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.032.
6. Latimer S, Meade T, Tennant A. Measuring engagement in
deliberate self-harm behaviours: psychometric evaluation of
six scales. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-
244x-13-4.
7. Nixon MK, Cloutier P. Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory. University
of British Columbia and Victoria; 2005.
8. Martin J, Cloutier PF, Levesque C, Bureau JF, Lafontaine MF,
Nixon MK. Psychometric properties of the functions and
addictive features scales of the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory:
a preliminary investigation using a university sample. Psychol
Assess. 2013;25(3):1013-8. doi: 10.1037/a0032575.
9. Akbari V, Vahedian M, Rahmatinejad P. Psychometric
properties of Persian version of the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory
in hospitalized patients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci.
2023;31(6):6781-91. doi: 10.18502/ssu.v31i6.13477.
10. Lewis CA, Davis S, Lewis MJ. The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory
version 3.1 speaks many languages: a systematic review of the
literature. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;56(Suppl 1):S79.
11. Davis S, Lewis CA. The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory version
3.1: suggestions for revision to the addictive features section.
Int J Ment Health Addict. 2018;16(3):711-3. doi: 10.1007/
s11469-017-9831-2.
12. Brislin RW. Back-translation for cross-cultural
research. J Cross Cult Psychol. 1970;1(3):185-216. doi:
10.1177/135910457000100301.