1. Boland R, Verdiun M, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of
Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2021.
2. WHO. Drug Consumption Statistics. WHO; 2017.
3. West R, Brown J. Theory of Addiction. John Wiley &Sons;
2013.
4. Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Holtzman DM, Malenka RC. Molecular
Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience.
McGraw-Hill Medical; 2015.
5. Dezhakam H, White W. Innovations in Addiction Treatment
and Recovery the Story of Congress 60. Congress 60; 2021.
6. White WL. Congress 60: an addiction recovery community
within the Islamic Republic of Iran. Alcohol Treat Q.
2015;33(3):328-47. doi: 10.1080/07347324.2015.1050929.
7. Congress 60. Available from: https://congress60.org/EnUs/
Congress-60-Human-Revivification-Society-The-Addiction-
Treatment.
8. Omidvar Tehrani S, Rezaei Ardani A, Akhlaghi S, Shayesteh
Zarrin M, Talaei A. Long-term detoxification of opioid
use disorder with opium tincture assisted treatment.
Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1273587. doi: 10.3389/
fpsyt.2023.1273587.
9. Zahedi Asl M, Pilevari A. A study of the cognitive processes of
ex-addicts and their families (case study: Congress 60). Soc Sci.
2018;24(79):33-73. doi: 10.22054/qjss.2017.23549.1595.
[Persian].
10. Tavakoli M, Sahhaf R, Ghaffari S, Farhoudian A, Hayatbakhsh
R. Cost benefit analysis of detoxification in addicts over 40
in human recovery population (Congress 60). Archives of
Rehabilitation. 2012;12(0):52-7. [Persian].
11. Tavakoli M, Sahaf R, Farhoudian A, Bakhtavar Y. The
influence of detoxification on the quality of life in substance
addicts lives with 40-65 years of age referring to the charity
“Congress 60”. Iran J Ageing. 2012;6(0):34-40. [Persian].
12. Pilevari A, Zahedi Asl M. The effects of drug addiction
treatment methods on families’ behaviors: the Congress 60
treatment method. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;131:108564.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108564.
13. Dezhakam A, Dezhakam H, Haghighatfard A. Taper off
treatment can improve executive functions and regulate
expression of BDNF and 5HTTPLR genes in opium abusers
after six months period. J Psychol Sci Res. 2022;2(2):1-8. doi:
10.53902/jpssr.2022.02.000530.
14. Zahedi Asl M, Nemat Saatloo F. Support programs and
quality of life of addicts: comparing rehabilitated drug
addicts in the Congress 60 and other private rehabilitation
clinics. J Soc Work Res. 2015;2(3):188-211. doi: 10.22054/
rjsw.2015.4753. [Persian].
15. Dezhakam H, Dezhakam A, Dezhakam S, Haghighatfard A. A
new taper off treatment of opium dependents can lead to cure
the addiction as well as improvement of cognitive functions.
Res Sq [Preprint]. January 4, 2023. Available from: https://
www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2410457/v1.
16. Dezhakam H, Dezhakam A, Dezhakam S, Dezhakam A,
Haghighatfard A. A new protocol of methamphetamine
dependence treatment with taper-up-off treatment of opium tincture, a new hope to cure the methamphetamine addiction.
Res Sq [Preprint]. May 15, 2023. Available from: https://www.
researchsquare.com/article/rs-2927654/v1.
17. Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques
and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE
Publications; 2014.
18. Browne CJ, Godino A, Salery M, Nestler EJ. Epigenetic
mechanisms of opioid addiction. Biol Psychiatry.
2020;87(1):22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.027.
19. Kalant H. Opium revisited: a brief review of its nature,
composition, non-medical use and relative risks. Addiction.
1997;92(3):267-77.
20. Nestler EJ. Is there a common molecular pathway for
addiction? Nat Neurosci. 2005;8(11):1445-9. doi: 10.1038/
nn1578.
21. Davoli M, Bargagli AM, Perucci CA, Schifano P, Belleudi
V, Hickman M, et al. Risk of fatal overdose during and after
specialist drug treatment: the VEdeTTE study, a national multisite
prospective cohort study. Addiction. 2007;102(12):1954-
9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02025.x.
22. Bell J, Zador D. A risk-benefit analysis of methadone
maintenance treatment. Drug Saf. 2000;22(3):179-90. doi:
10.2165/00002018-200022030-00002.
23. Muller AE, Bjørnestad R, Clausen T. Dissatisfaction with
opioid maintenance treatment partly explains reported side
effects of medications. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;187:22-
8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.018.