Kerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Investigating Cognitive Functions in Methadone Users in Comparison with Methadone and Methamphetamine Users and Control Group169187910.22122/ahj.v14i1.292ENMahinEslami-ShahrbabakiNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology AND Department of Psychiatry, Afzalipour School of Medicine,
Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-4346-465XDelaramBarfeheeNeurology Research Center AND Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0001-7071-1690NooshinParvareshDepartment of Psychiatry, Afzalipour School of Medicine AND Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-1239-9384ElhamZamaniDepartment of Psychiatry, Afzalipour School of Medicine AND Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-1667-6649AliSoltaninejadDepartment of Psychiatry, Afzalipour School of Medicine AND Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-3806-9738AtefehAhmadiNeurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0001-5366-9849Journal Article20220312Background: Cognitive impairment in drug users is a marker for predicting recurrence and poorer adherence <br />to treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function in three groups of methadone <br />users methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), compared to methadone and methamphetamine (MAMP) <br />users (MMT + MAMP) and healthy people (control group).<br /><br />Methods: Three groups of 90 people including 30 users of MMT, 30 users of MMT + MAMP, and 30 healthy <br />persons participated in this cross-sectional and purposeful study. The study was performed on outpatients of <br />MMT Clinic of Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The demographic and related data questionnaire was <br />filled out. In addition, Persian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was <br />used to assess cognitive function.<br /><br />Findings: The mean of total number of scores and all BACS subscales were significantly better in control <br />group than the other two groups of patients. Moreover, not only the mean of total number of BACS was <br />significantly different between two substance abuser groups, but also there was a significant difference <br />between them on verbal memory, digit sequencing, and token motor test, with MMT + MAMP group <br />performing worse than MMT group.<br /><br />Conclusion: Concomitant use of opioids and stimulant substance such as MAMP results in cumulative toxic <br />effect of them on brain and cognitive functions.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91879_e7239ba1ee3ed38c6bc249de4ee70547.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Effect of Emotional Intelligence Training on Methadone-Treated Methamphetamine Users in Qazvin, Iran7149184810.22122/ahj.2022.91848ENSeyed MohsenZamirDepartment of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Development Unit, 22 Bahman Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,
Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-0091-6145MahshidKhazaeiDepartment of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Development Unit, 22 Bahman Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,
Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-0916-367XSeyed HosseinGhafeleh-BashiDepartment of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Development Unit, 22 Bahman Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,
Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-8972-8406SamiraDodangehMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-9450-938XJournal Article20220208Background: Drug users have lower emotional intelligence (EQ) than other members of society. This study <br />aimed to determine the effect of EQ training on methadone-treated methamphetamine (meth) users.<br /><br />Methods: This randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on <br />methadone-treated meth users referring to the Drop-in Center in Qazvin, Iran. The subjects completed the <br />Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and those who scored higher than 80 (n = 70) were entered into <br />the study and randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient <br />Inventory (Bar-On EQ-i) was administered for both groups. Subsequently, the intervention group <br />participated in weekly 90-minute EQ training sessions for 4 sessions held by a psychiatric assistant. <br />However, the control group received no intervention. Both groups were re-evaluated by the Bar-On EQ-i <br />3 months after the end of the training sessions. Eventually, qualitative and quantitative variables were <br />compared between the two groups using an independent t-test and chi-square test, respectively.<br /><br />Findings: Based on the results, the EQ training program could significantly improve the EQ score in the <br />intervention group (P = 0.03). Nevertheless, it showed no effect on reducing meth use (P = 0.13).<br /><br />Conclusion: EQ training for meth users could increase EQ. Nonetheless, further studies with more effective <br />methods are required to reduce meth use.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91848_25592bc4ad1303c6c6c0c4ad2d26595c.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Smoking in Friends and Relatives of Patients in Emergency Room: A New Frontier in the Fight against Tobacco15259184910.22122/ahj.2022.91849ENMetinOcakDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Gazi State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey0000-0002-9978-0216MustafaUnalDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey0000-0002-8294-2821OnurOzturkDepartment of Family Medicine, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey0000-0002-3371-6051AbdussamedVuralDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Giresun University Prof. Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir Education and Research Hospital,
Giresun, Turkey0000-0003-4506-916XArzuAyralerDepartment of Family Medicine, Giresun University Prof. Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir Education and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey0000-0002-5244-7571Muhammed AliOrucDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey0000-0002-4320-8579Mustafa YasinSelcukDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey0000-0002-3500-1340GulsahOzturkGokberk Family Healthcare Center, Samsun Provincial Health Directorate, Samsun, Turkey0000-0002-8879-2297IzzetFidanciDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey0000-0001-9848-8697Muhammed EminGoktepeDepartment of Family Medicine, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey0000-0001-9587-4496Journal Article20220208Background: Emergency rooms (ERs) are usually crowded with friends and relatives (F&Rs) of the patients. <br />This experience may result in changes in smoking behaviors and create opportunities for smoking cessation <br />interventions. The study aims to investigate these changes and offers a new frontier in the fight against <br />smoking.<br /><br />Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ERs of two universities in different cities. A <br />questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was applied to F&Rs of the emergency patients. Statistical analysis <br />was performed using Jamovi program.<br /><br />Findings: A total of 603 respondents were included in the study. Of them, 71.3% were first-degree relatives, <br />51.7% waited 5 or more times in ER before, and 68.6% spent 0-2 hours in a day around the ER. Upon <br />witnessing patients in the ERs, 53.4% of the F&Rs had the idea of quitting smoking and 42.9% wanted to <br />have smoking cessation therapy during their wait in the hospital. While 76.1% of the participants were not <br />using different brands of cigarettes when offered in normal life, this rate was lower around the ERs (64.6%) <br />(P < 0.001). Participants smoked 0.82 ± 0.34 cigarette per hour in normal life excluding sleeping time; this <br />number raised almost 6 folds during the wait (4.85 ± 2.11) (P < 0.001).<br /><br />Conclusion: F&Rs smoked more during waiting around ERs. However, they also expressed desire to quit <br />smoking and receive smoking cessation intervention during the wait. Providing smoking cessation <br />counseling to F&Rs in the ER may be a valuable intervention.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91849_688b6018236eb16b724d583f49270d45.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Does a Course of Aerobic Training Affect the Inflammatory Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors of Hookah-smoker Women? Results of a Cross-sectional Study26349185010.22122/ahj.v14i1.1193ENAbbasSaremiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0002-0113-1497MohammadParasteshDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0003-1696-4309ManijehTavangarDepartment of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran0000-0002-3077-5910Journal Article20220208Background: Hookah consumption is a major risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular diseases <br />(CVDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two-month aerobic training on metabolic profile <br />and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in hookah-smoker women.<br /><br />Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 22 hookah-smoker women (at least <br />twice a week) matched in terms of age (27.82 ± 3.81 years) and body mass index (BMI) (26.66 ± 5.92 kg/m2) <br />were recruited and randomly divided into two groups of smokers + aerobic exercise (n = 11) and smokers <br />(n = 11). A matched control group of non-smoker women (n = 10, age: 27.11 ± 2.71 years, BMI: 26.20 ± 2.39 <br />kg/m2) were also recruited for baseline comparison. The aerobic exercise program was performed three days <br />a week, 35-50 minutes a day for 8 weeks. The smokers’ group were asked to continue their normal lives. <br />Serum levels of CRP and metabolic risk factors were measured before and after the intervention. Data were <br />analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).<br /><br />Findings: At baseline, non-smoker participants had significantly better CRP level (P = 0.001) and maximal <br />oxygen consumption (VO2max) (P = 0.020) than hookah-smoker women. After 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, <br />no significant change was observed in the lipid profile of hookah-smoker women (P > 0.050). <br />Simultaneously, body weight (P = 0.030), VO2max (P = 0.001), and CRP levels (P = 0.010) improved <br />significantly in response to aerobic exercise.<br /><br />Conclusion: These findings suggest that a course of aerobic exercise program improves the aerobic fitness of <br />hookah-smoker women. This improvement is associated with reduction of CRP without significant changes <br />in plasma lipid profile.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91850_d7215a1390e07187f0e7760e6fe9e0cb.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Patterns of Substance Use Disorders and Associated Co-occurring Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients Seen at the Psychiatric Unit of a Tertiary Health Center35439185610.22122/ahj.v14i1.1275ENAdetunjiObadejiDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria0000-0003-4861-8646Lateef OlutoyinOluwoleDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria0000-0001-5322-3062Banji FerdinandKumolaloDepartment of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria0000-0001-8107-8894Mobolaji UsmanDadaDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria0000-0003-1517-7573Journal Article20220223Background: Understanding the pattern of co-occurring mental illness in patients with substance use disorders <br />(SUDs) is essential in improving the prevention and treatment of substance use-related problems. This study <br />examined the pattern of SUDs, the associated co-occurring psychiatric morbidities, and associated factors <br />among patients with SUDs managed at a tertiary health center.<br /><br />Methods: The records of patients who presented with SUDs between 2010 and 2019 were examined. <br />Socio-demographics of interest were extracted from case files. Substance use diagnoses, as well as associated <br />co-occurring mental illness, were extracted and entered into SPSS software. Bivariate analyses including the <br />risk of developing co-occurring mental disorder were calculated.<br /><br />Findings: For most patients, the initiation of substance use was before the age of 21 years, while the onset of <br />SUDs was between 21-30 years. Cannabis use disorders (CUDs), alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and nicotine <br />use disorders (NUDs) were the commonest SUDs. Compared with those with CUDs, non-users of cannabis <br />were significantly less likely to develop co-occurring mental illness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence <br />interval (CI) =0.13-0.42, P = 0.001]. Those with tramadol use disorders (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.03-4.41, <br />P = 0.040) and those without pentazocine use disorders (P = 0.003) were more likely to have a comorbid <br />mental illness. Patients with AUDs (P = 0.001), CUDs (P = 0.001), NUDs (P = 0.001), and tramadol use <br />disorders (P = 0.045) were significantly more likely to be multiple substance users.<br /><br />Conclusion: Results suggest an association between SUDs and co-occurring mental illness, though differences <br />in these associations were noticed across the categories of substances. This emphasizes a holistic approach to <br />prevention and care of patients presenting with SUDs.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91856_ae82d3ed7e6be7d455281b727edad0d6.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201The Relationship between Health-promoting Lifestyle and Suicidal Ideation in Addicted Women44519187210.22122/ahj.v14i1.279ENSoodehMaghsoodiDepartment of Social Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-2862-0020ZahraVafadoostDepartment of Social Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-0237-0542Journal Article20220302Background: Addiction is one of the most important problems of the present century that can be the basis of <br />many social and family problems. Addiction severely affects the physical and mental health and lifestyle of <br />addicted people and sometimes leads to suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship <br />between health-promoting lifestyle and suicidal ideation in addicted women.<br /><br />Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included all addicted women who <br />referred to psychiatric hospitals in Kerman, Iran, in 2020, among whom 118 people were selected using <br />convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1974) and were <br />analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient test.<br /><br />Findings: 44.9% of women had no suicidal ideation, 23.7% were ready to commit suicide, and 30.5% <br />attempted suicide. There was a significant inverse relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and its <br />components (nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal <br />relationships, and spiritual growth) with suicidal ideation.<br /><br />Conclusion: The results of this study can have important applications in the care and rehabilitation of <br />addicted people and reduce suicidal ideation among them. In the rehabilitation of addicted people, one of the <br />important goals should be improving the quality of life (QOL) and lifestyle of these people.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91872_e17cb04d91046b2d8767a366efacc520.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Effects of SP6 and ST36 Acupressure on Pain and Physiological Indexes in Addicted Men: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial52619187310.22122/ahj.2022.91873ENYaghoobMadmoliPain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-9913-2489DariushRokhafrozPain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-6949-2192KouroshZareaNursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-5124-6025ElhamMaraghiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0003-3556-8838Journal Article20220307Background: Pain is the most crucial reason to seek treatment, and acupressure is one of the most common <br />ways to relieve pain; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of <br />acupressure on the reduction of pain and stability of physiological indexes in addicted men.
<br />Methods: The present single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was performed on 90 participants who were <br />hospitalized in an addiction treatment camp in Masjed-e-Soleyman, Iran. The participants were divided into <br />acupressure group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45) through allocating permutation blocks method. The <br />acupressure group received acupressure on SP6 and ST36 points for 3 consecutive sessions and each session <br />for 10 minutes. The data collection tools used included a demographic information questionnaire, the <br />Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and a physiological index registration form, tympanic <br />thermometer, sphygmomanometer, pulse oximetry device, and digital watch. Repeated measures ANOVA <br />was used to analyze the data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statically significant.
<br />Findings: There was a statistically significant decrease in the sensory dimension of pain in the acupressure <br />group compared to the control group in all 3 sessions (P ≤ 0.001; P ≤ 0.001; P = 0.001, respectively). There <br />was no statistically significant difference in the overall pain score (P ≥ 0.005), emotional pain dimension <br />(P ≥ 0.005), and physiological indexes of pain (P ≥ 0.005) between the two groups after the intervention.
<br />Conclusion: Acupressure is a non-invasive and cost-effective method that reduces the sensory dimension of <br />pain, and its application does not require special tools; thus, the use of such a safe and secure method for <br />relieving pain is recommended.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91873_c5624713178a8918196d4fede88f9f6f.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463314120220201Substance Use Disorder in Older Adults: Mini Review6279185110.22122/ahj.v14i1.1311ENEcler ErcoleJaquaDepartment of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA0000-0001-6694-1485VanNguyenDepartment of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA0000-0002-0278-6970NicoleScherlieDepartment of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA0000-0003-4166-4148JoshuaDreschlerSchool of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA0000-0001-7580-1150WessamLabibDepartment of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA0000-0001-6647-133XJournal Article20220213With an estimated prevalence of 4%, substance abuse amongst persons who are 65 years and older is <br />increasing. The most common substances abused are alcohol, prescription drugs such as opiates and <br />benzodiazepines (BZD), and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. This increase is believed to be partially <br />endorsed by the baby boomer generation, born between 1946 to 1964, who had significant exposure to <br />alcohol and drugs at a younger age. Substance abuse is difficult to recognize in the older adults, but once <br />identified, presents its own challenges as only 18% of substance abuse treatment programs are designed for <br />this growing population. Substance abuse overall may increase the risk of fractures secondary to recurrent <br />falls, memory loss, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. In this article, we will review the signs and <br />symptoms, risk factors, screening tools, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition <br />(DSM-5) diagnostic criteria, and challenges of treating substance abuse in the older adults.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91851_0c9050f8f36593a02de919b2e9113761.pdf