@article { author = {Keshavarzian, Khadijeh and Nadrian, Haidar and Allahverdipour, Hamid and Mohammadpoorasl, Asghar}, title = {Development of a Hookah Smoking Obscenity Measurement Scale for Adolescents}, journal = {Addiction and Health}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {77-86}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2008-4633}, eissn = {2008-8469}, doi = {10.22122/ahj.v12i2.267}, abstract = {Background: The worldwide trend of hookah use among adolescents is increasing, and literature shows arelationship between obscenity and adolescents’ tendency toward hookah smoking. As there is a lack ofappropriate instruments to measure the obscenity of hookah smoking, in the present study, we aimed todevelop an instrument to measure hookah smoking obscenity among adolescents.Methods: In this methodological study, a sequential exploratory design was used to conduct the study fromFebruary 2017 to July 2018 on adolescents in Tabriz, Iran. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semistructured individual interviews (with 18 students) and a focus group discussion (FGD) (with 13 students) toexplain the concept of obscenity and develop the items of hookah smoking obscenity scale (HSOS). We thenexamined the psychometric properties of the HSOS based on face, content, construct and predictive validitiesas well as internal consistency and repeatability.Findings: The HSOS was developed with 21 items based on the results of qualitative data analysis. Applyingconfirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the χ2/degree of freedom (df) ratio was found to be 3.792 for the fourfactor structure of the questionnaire and the fit indices of this structural model were satisfactory. The valuesof Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the constructs in the HSOS ranged0.81-0.93 and 0.79-0.92, respectively.Conclusion: We found the HSOS with a good level of fit indices, validity, and reliability. The HSOS may beapplied by school healthcare providers and health practitioners to find valid and reliable data on theobscenity of hookah smoking when developing hookah smoking prevention/cessation interventions amongadolescents.}, keywords = {Methadone,Opium dependence,Intensive care units}, url = {https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_90637.html}, eprint = {https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_90637_4de1bb63995001101d77473b6db02469.pdf} }