World Health Organization. Global status report on
alcohol and health 2018 [Online]. [cited 2018];
Available from: URL:
https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/g
lobal_alcohol_report/en/
2. Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and
alcoholism. Alcohol Res Health 2011; 34(2): 135-43.
3. Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, Arian N,
Zimsen SRM, Tymeson HD, editors. Alcohol use
and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-
2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2018; 392(10152):
1015-35.
4. Shield KD, Parry C, Rehm J. Chronic diseases and
conditions related to alcohol use. Alcohol Res 2013;
35(2): 155-73.
5. Burton R, Sheron N. No level of alcohol
consumption improves health. Lancet 2018;
392(10152): 987-8.
6. World Health Organization. Alcohol and Health WHO 2018 infographic [Online]. [cited 2018 Nov
10]; Available from: URL:
https://alcoholcampaign.org/2018/11/10/alcohol-andhealth-who-2018-infographic/
7. White IR, Altmann DR, Nanchahal K. Alcohol
consumption and mortality: Modelling risks for
men and women at different ages. BMJ 2002;
325(7357): 191.
8. Rosenberg G, Bauld L, Hooper L, Buykx P, Holmes
J, Vohra J. New national alcohol guidelines in the
UK: Public awareness, understanding and
behavioural intentions. J Public Health 2017; 40(3):
549-56.
9. Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD. Drug harms in the
UK: A multicriteria decision analysis. Lancet 2010;
376(9752): 1558-65.
10. Lachenmeier DW, Rehm J. Comparative risk
assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other
illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach.
Sci Rep 2015; 5: 8126.
11. Rehm J, Soerjomataram I, Ferreira-Borges C, Shield
KD. Does alcohol use affect cancer risk? Curr Nutr
Review of Alcohol-Related Harms Iranpour and Nakhaee.
Addict Health, Spring 2019; Vol 11, No 2 7
http://ahj.kmu.ac.ir, 04 April
Rep 2019. [Epub ahead of print].
12. Department of Health (UK). UK Chief Medical
Officers' Alcohol Guidelines Review Summary of
the proposed new guidelines [Online]. [cited 2016
Jan]; Available from: URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489795
/summary.pdf
13. Connor J. Alcohol consumption as a cause of cancer.
Addiction 2017; 112(2): 222-8.
14. Simpson RF, Hermon C, Liu B, Green J, Reeves
GK, Beral V, et al. Alcohol drinking patterns and
liver cirrhosis risk: Analysis of the prospective UK
Million Women Study. The Lancet Public Health
2019; 4(1): e41-e48.
15. Yang Y, Luk J, Sofair AN. Epidemiology of
chronic liver disease in the United States. In: Wong
RJ, Gish RG, editors. Clinical epidemiology of
chronic liver diseases. Cham, Switzerland:
Springer; 2019. p. 57-74.
16. Hydes T, Gilmore W, Sheron N, Gilmore I. Treating
alcohol-related liver disease from a public health
perspective. J Hepatol 2019; 70(2): 223-36.
17. Pan CS, Ju TR, Lee CC, Chen YP, Hsu CY, Hung
DZ, et al. Alcohol use disorder tied to development
of chronic kidney disease: A nationwide database
analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13(9): e0203410.
18. Whitman IR, Agarwal V, Nah G, Dukes JW,
Vittinghoff E, Dewland TA, et al. Alcohol abuse and
cardiac disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69(1): 13-24.
19. Manthey J, Probst C, Rylett M, Rehm J. National,
regional and global mortality due to alcoholic
cardiomyopathy in 2015. Heart 2018; 104(20):
1663-9.
20. Santana NMT, Mill JG, Velasquez-Melendez G,
Moreira AD, Barreto SM, Viana MC, et al.
Consumption of alcohol and blood pressure: Results
of the ELSA-Brasil study. PLoS One 2018; 13(1):
e0190239.
21. Zhou Y, Zheng J, Li S, Zhou T, Zhang P, Li HB.
alcoholic beverage consumption and chronic
diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;
13(6).
22. Fuchs FD, Chambless LE, Whelton PK, Nieto FJ,
Heiss G. Alcohol consumption and the incidence of
hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in
Communities Study. Hypertension 2001; 37(5):
1242-50.
23. Toma A, Pare G, Leong DP. Alcohol and
cardiovascular disease: How much is too much? Curr
Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19(3): 13.
24. Simou E, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Alcohol and the
risk of pneumonia: A systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8(8): e022344.
25. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis
report 2018 [Online]. [cited 2018]; Available from:
URL:
https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
26. Imtiaz S, Shield KD, Roerecke M, Samokhvalov AV,
Lonnroth K, Rehm J. Alcohol consumption as a risk
factor for tuberculosis: Meta-analyses and burden of
disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 50(1): 1700216
27. Mental Health Foundation (UK). Cheers?:
Understanding the relationship between alcohol and
mental health [Online]. [cited 2006 Apr 1]; Available
from: URL:
https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/15771/1/cheers_rep
ort%5B1%5D.pdf
28. Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Dominici G,
Ferracuti S, Kotzalidis GD, et al. Suicidal behavior
and alcohol abuse. Int J Environ Res Public Health
2010; 7(4): 1392-431.
29. Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Bond J, Room R, Borges G.
Attribution of alcohol to violence-related injury: self
and other's drinking in the event. J Stud Alcohol
Drugs 2012; 73(2): 277-84.
30. Prabhakaran DK, Nisha A, Varghese PJ. Prevalence
and correlates of sexual dysfunction in male patients
with alcohol dependence syndrome: A cross-sectional
study. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60(1): 71-7.
31. Scott-Sheldon LA, Carey KB, Cunningham K,
Johnson BT, Carey MP. Alcohol use predicts sexual
decision-making: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the experimental literature. AIDS Behav
2016; 20(Suppl 1): S19-S39.
32. Anil Kumar BN, Shalini M, Sanjay Raj J,
Prasannakumar DR. Sexual dysfunction in women
with alcohol dependence syndrome: A study from
India. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28: 9-14.
33. El Ansari W, Stock C, Mills C. Is alcohol
consumption associated with poor academic
achievement in university students? Int J Prev Med
2013; 4(10): 1175-88.
34. Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Marijuana and
alcohol use as predictors of academic achievement:
A longitudinal analysis among youth in the
COMPASS study. J Sch Health 2017; 87(5): 310-8.
35. Kelly Y, Iacovou M, Quigley MA, Gray R, Wolke
D, Kelly J, et al. Light drinking versus abstinence in
pregnancy - behavioural and cognitive outcomes in
7-year-old children: a longitudinal cohort study.
BJOG 2013; 120(11): 1340-7.
36. Mamluk L, Edwards HB, Savoviç J, Leach V, Jones
T, Moore THM, et al. Effects of low alcohol
consumption on pregnancy and childhood outcomes:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet
2016; 388: S14.
37. Kahila H, Halmesmaki E, Baldacchino A, Graca L,
Kersmanc MH, Kesmodel US, et al. EBCOG
position paper on alcohol and pregnancy. Eur J
Review of Alcohol-Related Harms Iranpour and Nakhaee.
8 Addict Health, Spring 2019; Vol 11, No 2
http://ahj.kmu.ac.ir, 04 April
Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 202: 99-100.
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
An alcohol-free pregnancy is the best choice for your
baby [Online]. [cited 2016 May 20]; Available from:
URL:
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/documents/fasdbr
ochure_final.pdf
39. Tsang TW, Elliott EJ. High global prevalence of
alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol
syndrome indicates need for urgent action. Lancet
Glob Health 2017; 5(3): e232-e233.
40. Braillon A, Wilson M. Does moderate alcohol
consumption really have health benefits? BMJ 2018;
362: k3888.
)