Development and Psychometric Assessment of the Methadone Therapy Experiences Questionnaire among Patients under Treatment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

2 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Background: Patient experiences play an important role in the quality of health care and gathering patients’ experiences is common as part of quality measurement in health care. The present study was carried out with the aim of developing and psychometric analysis of the methadone therapy experiences questionnaire among patients under treatment with methadone. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 and 200 patients referred to the addiction treatment clinics in Kerman, Iran, participated in this study. The convenient sampling method was employed. The validity was assessed using the opinions of 50 individuals similar to the target population and 8 experts. In addition, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was utilized to examine the test-retest reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS software. Findings: The face validity of the questionnaire was acceptable in the present study and the values for content validity were higher than 0.79, indicating the appropriate content validity of the questionnaire [content validity index (CVI) = 0.82 and content validity ratio (CVR) = 0.83]. Moreover, the results confirmed the reliability or reproducibility of the questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83). Conclusion: The methadone therapy experiences questionnaire was of a good validity and reliability among the patients. In the clinical area, the psychiatrists, psychologists, authorities, and staff in addiction treatment clinics can identify the quality of treatment and its strengths and weaknesses using this questionnaire.

Keywords


1. Xiao L, Wu Z, Luo W, Wei X. Quality of life of outpatients in methadone maintenance treatment clinics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 53(Suppl 1): S116-S120.
2. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander HS, Murray CJ. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2002; 360(9343): 1347-60.
3. Dastjerdi G, Ebrahimi Dehshiri V, Kholasezadeh G, Ehsani F. Effectiveness of methadone in reduction of high risk behaviors in clients of MMT center. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci 2010; 18(Supppl 3): 215-9. [In Persian].
4. Hall WD, Mattick RP. Oral substitution treatments for opioid dependence. Lancet 2008; 371(9631): 2150-1.
5. Joseph H, Stancliff S, Langrod J. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): A review of historical and clinical issues. Mt Sinai J Med 2000; 67(5-6): 347-64.
6. Barnett PG. Comparison of costs and utilization among buprenorphine and methadone patients. Addiction 2009; 104(6): 982-92.
7. Teoh Bing FJ, Yee A, Habil MH, Danaee M. Effectiveness of methadone maintenance therapy and improvement in quality of life following a decade of implementation. J Subst Abuse Treat 2016; 69: 50-6.
8. Tagger F. The effects of methadone therapy in the prevention of risk behavior. Journal of Sanrise Heatlh 2009; 8(1): 2-3.
9. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010.
10. Bart G, Lenz S, Straka RJ, Brundage RC. Ethnic and genetic factors in methadone pharmacokinetics: a population pharmacokinetic study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 145: 185-93.
11. Roohani S, Salarieh I, Abedi S, Kheyrkhah F. Impact of methadone maintenance treatment on the quality of life of opioid dependent patients in city of Babol. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2012; 22(87): 46-55. [In Persian].
12. Banazadeh N, Abedi HA, Kheradmand A. Opiate dependants' experiences of the established therapeutic relationship in methadone centers: Qualitative study. J Kerman Univ Med Sci 2009; 16(2): 144-54. [In Persian].
13. Caplehorn JR, Lumley TS, Irwig L. Staff attitudes
and retention of patients in methadone maintenance programs. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998; 52(1): 57-61.
14. Hajizadeh E, Asghari M. Statistical methods and analyses in health and biosciences a research methodological approach. Tehran, Iran: The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research; 2011. [In Persian].
15. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol 1975, 28: 563-75.
16. Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16(3): 297-334.
17. Doyle C, Lennox L, Bell D. A systematic review of evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness. BMJ Open 2013; 3(1): e001570.
18.Malhotra NK. Questionnaire design and scale development. In: Grover R, Vriens M, editors. The handbook of marketing research: Uses, misuses, and future advances. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2006. p. 83-94.
19. Rattray J, Jones MC. Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. J Clin Nurs 2007; 16(2): 234-43.
20. Haugum M, Iversen HH, Bjertnaes O, Lindahl AK. Patient experiences questionnaire for interdisciplinary treatment for substance dependence (PEQ-ITSD): Reliability and validity following a national survey in Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17(1): 73.
21. Kimman ML, Rotteveel AH, Wijsenbeek M, Mostard R, Tak NC, van J, X, et al. Development and Pretesting of a Questionnaire to Assess Patient Experiences and Satisfaction with Medications (PESaM Questionnaire). Patient 2017; 10(5): 629-42.
22. Hassanzadeh Rangi N, Allahyari T, Khosravi Y, Zaeri F, Saremi M. Development of an Occupational Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (OCFQ): Evaluation validity and reliability. Iran Occup Health 2012; 9(1): 29-40. [In Persian].
23. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Noroozian M, Majdzadeh R. Performing content validation process in development of questionnaires. Iran J Epidemiol 2011; 6(4): 66-74. [In Persian].
24. Frost MH, Reeve BB, Liepa AM, Stauffer JW, Hays RD. What is sufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of patient-reported outcome measures? Value Health 2007; 10(Suppl 2): S94-S105.
25. Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadsalehi N, Aligol M. Validity and reliability of the instruments and types of measurments in health applied researches. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2015; 13(12): 1153-70. [In Persian].
26. Vakilzadeh P, Nakhaee N. The reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Brief Pain Inventory in cancer patients. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2006; 5(4): 253-8. [In Persian].