Kerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Correlates of Alcohol Consumption and Drug Injection among Homeless Youth: A Case Study in the Southeast of Iran2072158955210.22122/ahj.v11i4.245ENAbolfazlHosseinnatajModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health AND Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,
School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranAbbasBahrampourModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health AND Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,
School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranMohammad RezaBaneshiModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health AND Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology,
School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000000264058688SamiraPoormorovatAdolescent and Youth Health Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Women’s Health Research Center, Tehran, IranGlayolArdalanAdolescent and Youth Health Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IranFarzanehZolalaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran000000021848183xNaserNasiriDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, IranJasemZareiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, IranGhazalMousavianHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, IranAbedinIranpourHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance AND Department of Health
Education and Promotion, School of Health Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranHamidSharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20191208<span><strong>Background: </strong><span>Alcohol use and drug injection are prevalent among homeless youths. The aim of this study was<br /><span>to identify the associated factors of alcohol consumption and drug injection among homeless youths aged<br /><span>18-29 years.<br /><span><strong>Methods: </strong><span>Data on 202 homeless youths (111 males and 91 females) were collected using a standardized<br /><span>questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Lasso logistic regression was applied to determine the impact of<br /><span>associated factors on alcohol consumption and drug injection.<br /><span><strong>Findings: </strong><span>The mean age of the participants was 26.30 ± 3.19 years. Also, the prevalence of alcohol<br /><span>consumption and drug injection was 33.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 30-36] and 4.0% (95% CI: 0-8),<br /><span>respectively; 6 people (3.0%) consumed alcohol and injected drugs at the same time. Correlates of alcohol<br /><span>consumption and drug injection were male sex [odds ratio (OR)<span>Alc <span>= 5.7], age (OR<span>Alc <span>= 0.96 and OR<span>DI <span>= 0.98),<br /><span>bachelor or higher education level (OR<span>Alc <span>= 1.34), non-Iranian nationality (OR<span>Alc <span>= 0.05 and OR<span>DI <span>= 0.18),<br /><span>food score (OR<span>DI <span>= 0.92), smoking (OR<span>Alc <span>= 2.05), substance use (OR<span>Alc <span>= 1.12), opposite sex relationship<br /><span>(OR<span>Alc <span>= 1.6), homosexual relationship (OR<span>Alc <span>= 3.56 and OR<span>DI <span>= 2.69), and mental disorder (OR<span>Alc <span>= 0.99).<br /><span><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span>Based on our findings, it seems that the homeless youth are more desired to use alcohol and drug<br /><span>injection, whereas the prevalence of alcohol consumption and drug injection in homeless youth was higher<br /><span>than general youth population in Iran. Therefore, some suitable solutions are needed to prevent the<br /><span>homelessness. Also, the effective variables that were identified in this study for alcohol use and drug injection<br /><span>can help design and implement beneficial interventions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89552_4a4b8e8d5b7c80e9f78140a7c68a2661.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Role of Opioid System in Empathy-like Behaviours in Rats2162228955310.22122/ahj.v11i4.243ENMasoudNazeriDepartment of Neuroscience and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAkramNezhadiDepartment of Neuroscience and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammadShabaniDepartment of Neuroscience AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20191208<span><strong>Background: </strong><span>Empathy is defined as the ability to simulate the mental states of others. Recent studies have<br /><span>demonstrated empathy-like behaviors in other animals including rats and mice. The objective of the current<br /><span>study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of morphine and naloxone on cognition and<br /><span>nociception changes following observing conspecifics undergoing nociceptive stimulus.<br /><span><strong>Methods: </strong><span>Adult male Wistar rats were used (n = 8 for each group). One cagemate received formalin injection<br /><span>into the hindpaw five times within a nine-day period and the other cagemate observed the pain while being<br /><span>pretreated with saline, morphine, or naloxone [10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)]. Pain behaviors, anxiety-like<br /><span>behaviour, locomotion, balance and muscle strength were evaluated in the observer animals.<br /><span><strong>Findings: </strong><span>Observing a cagemate in pain increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced thermal pain threshold in the<br /><span>observer animals. Administration of morphine reversed these effects and naloxone did not affect the responses.<br /><span><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span>Results of the current study reveal an important role for opioid receptors (ORs) in empathy for<br /><span>pain, so that activation of this system dampens the empathy-like responses.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span>https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89553_91d5c9317e4b93368822ffa10d21761b.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Comparing Medical Comorbidities Between Opioid and Cocaine Users: A Data Mining Approach2232338955410.22122/ahj.v11i4.242ENYong-MiKimYong-Mi Kim, PhD
Associate Professor
School of Library and Information Studies
University of Oklahoma
Schusterman Center
4502 East 41st Street
Tulsa, OK 741350000-0004-0386-8892Journal Article20191208<span><strong>Background: </strong><span>Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are instrumental in controlling opioid misuse,<br /><span>but opioid users have increasingly shifted to cocaine, creating a different set of medical problems. While<br /><span>opioid use results in multiple medical comorbidities, findings of the existing studies reported single<br /><span>comorbidities rather than a set, and furthermore, those findings are often conflicting because of the lack of<br /><span>controlling for other substances in the analysis when combined use of substance creates synergistic effects.<br /><span>On the other hand, the findings from cocaine use are mainly related to kidney and heart problems, which lack<br /><span>specificity. Because medical comorbidities from opioid and cocaine use are very different, it is imperative to<br /><span>investigate medical comorbidities from opioids and cocaine in order to minimize negative effects from<br /><span>PDMPs. Therefore, this study attempts to discover sets of medical comorbidities from opioid and cocaine use<br /><span>by controlling for other substances in the analysis.<br /><span><strong>Methods: </strong><span>A data mining technique, association rule mining algorithm, was employed to discover sets of<br /><span>medical comorbidities using electronic medical records. This method is ideal to discover co-occurring<br /><span>medical comorbidities.<br /><span><strong>Findings: </strong><span>Opioid use was associated with a set of [high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), abnormal specific<br /><span>gravity], [high body mass index (BMI), low blood gas] among others. Cocaine use correlated with [high<br /><span>creatine kinase (CK), high blood urea nitrogen (BUN)], [high CK, cardiopulmonary] among others.<br /><span><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span>The findings of this study addresses some of the conflicting findings by eliminating multidrug<br /><span>and reports sets of medical comorbidities from opioid and cocaine use</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span>https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89554_0e0b4505de8f5a493cc3013bb07418bf.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Internet Addiction and the Psychometric Properties of the Nine-item Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form: An Application of Rasch Analysis23424289555org/10.22122/ahj.v11i4.247ENAbdulbariBenerDepartment of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey AND
Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, UK0000-0002-7902-5803Mark DGriffithsDepartment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UKNuket GulerBaysoyDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyFundaCatanDepartment of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, TurkeyErayYurtsevenDepartment of Public Health, Capa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyJournal Article20191208<span><strong>Background: </strong><span>The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of disordered internet use among<br /><span>adolescent university students and its association with various health complaints and behaviours, and most<br /><span>importantly to examine the psychometric properties of 9-item Internet Disorder Scale-Short Form (IDS9-SF)<br /><span>using factor analyses and Rasch analysis.<br /><span><strong>Methods: </strong><span>A total of 1988 university students aged 18 to 25 years were selected via a multi-stage stratified<br /><span>random sampling technique among university students in Istanbul, Turkey (September 2017 to February<br /><span>2018). Data collected included socio-demographics, lifestyle and dietary habits, and the 9-item IDS9-SF.<br /><span>Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, multivariate analyses, factor analyses, path analysis, and<br /><span>Rasch analysis.<br /><span><strong>Findings: </strong><span>Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the study investigated the latent structure of the IDS9-SF<br /><span>instrument and results supported its reliability and validity. The prevalence of disordered internet use was<br /><span>18.3% in the sample. There were significant differences between those who had disordered internet use and<br /><span>those who did not in gender, family income, school performance, number of bedrooms at home, and number<br /><span>of people living at home, as well as internet use duration. Using multivariate regression analysis, key<br /><span>predictors of disordered internet use included (among others): gender, body mass index (BMI), household<br /><span>income, number of people living at home, having a computer at home, internet facilities, duration of internet<br /><span>use, sleeping hours, frequency of eating fast food, watching television, headache, hurting eyes, tired eyes, and<br /><span>hearing problems. Rash analysis demonstrated that four of the nine items (2, 3, 6, and 7) were more difficult<br /><span>for individuals to endorse compared to other items.<br /><span><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span>Problems arising from excessive internet use were apparent among the study sample and the<br /><span>IDS9-SF is a valid and reliable measure for assessing disordered internet use among Turkish adolescent<br /><span>population</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span>https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89555_0d1b7ea0165042ad18e6bfb0b7711d28.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201The experiences of people who quit khat and the health care professionals who support them24325589556org/10.22122/ahj.v11i4.246ENSuhanaBegumSchool of Health Sciences, Division of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London, England0000-0003-1168-2660AngelikiBogosianSchool of Health Sciences, Division of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London, EnglandHayleyMcBainSchool of Health Sciences, Division of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London, EnglandJournal Article20191208<span><strong>Background: </strong><span>This study aimed to explore the barriers and enablers to quitting khat from the perspective of<br /><span>users and the barriers and enablers to supporting users to quit from the perspective of healthcare<br /><span>professionals (HCPs).<br /><span><strong>Methods: </strong><span>The present qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and the Theoretical<br /><span>Domains Framework (TDF) to collect and analyse data.<br /><span><strong>Findings: </strong><span>Overall, 10 khat users and 3 professionals were interviewed. Beliefs about the consequences of<br /><span>continued use facilitated user’s decisions to quit. Social influences were both a barrier and an enabler. For<br /><span>professionals, the social influence of other colleagues and working together was key in enabling them to<br /><span>support clients. Social/professional role and identity was also an important enabler, as professionals saw<br /><span>supporting users to quit as an integral part of their role. A range of behaviour change techniques was<br /><span>identified as potential ways in which quitting attempts could be more successful, from the perspective of<br /><span>users and professionals.<br /><span><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span>The study reveals the complexity of khat chewing and quitting from the perspective of khat users,<br /><span>such as the varied influence of family and friends. It also identifies the many barriers and enablers that<br /><span>professionals experience when supporting individuals to quit, such as working with other professionals.<br /><span>There is little evidence for the effectiveness of current services provided for quitting khat or little information<br /><span>outlining how they were developed. Current services would benefit from evaluating the effectiveness of the<br /><span>interventions using established methodology. Recommendations have been provided for practice in the field<br /><span>of substance misuse.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span>https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89556_076d12450e80b8ddfb0618f61eb56d53.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Twelve-hour before Driving Prevalence of Alcohol and Drug Use among Heavy Vehicle Drivers in South East of Iran Using Network Scale Up2562618956910.22122/ahj.v11i4.252ENMiladAhmadi-GohariModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranFarzanehZolalaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran000000021848183xAbedinIranpourHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance AND Department of Health
Education and Promotion, School of Health Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-7746-5709Mohammad RezaBaneshiModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000000264058688Journal Article20200115Background: Heavy vehicle drivers spend a great deal of time away from their families. This issue and other difficulties around their job may increase risky behaviors among them. The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of opium drugs, stimulants, cannabis, and alcohol use 12 hours before driving among heavy vehicle drivers. Methods: We selected two sites that were in charge of medical examination of drivers and recruited 363 drivers of heavy vehicles (trucks, trailers, and buses). We asked drivers about total number of drivers they knew and number of drivers who experienced use of different types of drugs. The data were analyzed using Network Scale Up Method (NSUM). Findings: Mean of age and job experience was 43.28 ± 10.04 years and 16.07 ± 9.67 years, respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of drug use related to opium-based drugs at 12.8% to 14.0% and simulants at 1.97% to 2.84%, respectively. The prevalence of alcohol use 12 hours before driving was 4%. Conclusion: 12-hour before driving prevalence of opium-based drugs among drivers was high. This might put them in higher risk of road accidents. There is a need to design appropriate educational programs for them. https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89569_635eb01444a04c60303f3fa9c0fec4bf.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Deterrent Action of Acamprosate: A Case Report2762808957010.22122/ahj.v11i4.248ENMAMIDIPALLISAI SPOORTHYDepartment of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India0000-0001-6059-9199SanghamitraGodiDepartment of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IndiaLokeshKumar SinghDepartment of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IndiaJournal Article20200115Background: Among the three pharmacological agents available for alcohol de-addiction, acamprosate and naltrexone are considered anti-craving agents. Among these two, acamprosate is better tolerated, has low abuse potential, and is safe in overdose. But the mechanism of action of acamprosate still remains unclear. Case Report: This case report gives a description of a 46-year-old male patient diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome with prior admissions and failed treatments with naltrexone and baclofen. He developed skin reaction after relapsing with alcohol use while receiving acamprosate therapy. The severity of the adverse effects varied with the amount of alcohol consumed by the patient. This suggests the possibility of deterrent-like action of acamprosate in our patient. The symptoms reduced after abstinence from alcohol and the patient was continued on acamprosate and relapse prevention therapy (RPT). Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the possible deterrent effect of acamprosate and manage such patients accordingly.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89570_4a68403a8c8f6b05ed165abfc652d130.pdfKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-463311420191201Correlation among the Behavioral Features in the Offspring of Morphine-Abstinent Rats2622758958210.22122/ahj.v11i4.253ENHamidAhmadian-MoghadamIranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6362-6583ArdeshirAkbarabadiIranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran AND Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, IranHeidarTooleeDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMitra SadatSadat-ShiraziIranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1905-2500SolmazKhalifehDepartment of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5192-6634Mohammad-RezaZarrindastDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine AND Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0688-5378SabaNiknamfarDepartment of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200126Background: Critical analysis of new evidence in medical sciences relies on statistics in terms of correlation.<br />The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation coefficients among the behavioral features in the<br />offspring of morphine-abstinent parent(s).<br />Methods: The offspring of various types of parental morphine-exposure were divided into 4 groups including<br />offspring of healthy parents (CTL), offspring of paternal morphine-abstinence (PMA), offspring of maternal<br />morphine-abstinence (MMA), and offspring of both morphine-abstinence (BMA). Pain perception,<br />depression-like behavior, and avoidance memory in the offspring were quantified. The logical structure of<br />association was measured using the Pearson correlation analysis.<br />Findings: A strong correlation was observed between pain and depressive-like behavior in female and male<br />offspring of healthy parents. Moreover, in the male and female offspring of healthy parents and BMA, no<br />significant correlation was observed between avoidance memory and pain behavior or depressive-like<br />behavior. However, in the offspring of MMA, a strong correlation was observed between avoidance memory<br />and depressive-like behavior.<br />Conclusion: The results of the study signified the importance of correlation analysis in addictive behavior. The<br />results revealed that the pattern of correlation of the behavior of the offspring of MMA and PMA differedhttps://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89582_4bfd413d0e67639dadc5cb9d4e94522d.pdf