TY - JOUR ID - 89583 TI - Consequences of Opioid Abuse and their Treatments in Persian Medicine: A Review Study JO - Addiction and Health JA - AHJ LA - en SN - 2008-4633 AU - Kamali, Mohadese AU - Tajadini, Haleh AU - Mehrabani, Mehrzad AU - Moghadari, Masoud AD - 1- Neurosciences Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AD - Neurosciences Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 57 KW - Medicine, Traditional KW - Opium KW - Antidotes KW - Hypnotics and sedatives DO - 10.22122/ahj.v12i1.250 N2 - Background: Drug addiction is a major health problem for modern human communities. The earliest historicalevidence of opium use can be found in the writings of Theophrastus in the 3rd century BC. Since then, opiumuse and abuse has spread to all corners of the world, specifically the Eastern countries. This study aimed toinvestigate the consequences of opium use and their treatments according to Persian medicine.Methods: In this narrative review, primary sources of Persian medicine and modern medicine databases ofPubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, the American Academy of Medical Sciences, and the United NationsOffice on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) were searched with relevant keywords.Findings: In Persian medicine, the Persian equivalent of the word “Opium” is “Afioon”, which refers to thesap of “Khashkhaash” or Papaver somniferum, traditionally used as a recreational drug as well as a sedative.Opioid use can cause social and psychological anxiety, muscle and tissue degradation, irritability, stomachweakness, loss of skin softness, and change in facial features.Conclusion: Opium addiction is generally harmful to the body’s faculties. The repeated use of opium,disregarding circumstances and dosage of use and without the simultaneous use of its modifiers, can harmthe entire body and even lead to fatality. UR - https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89583.html L1 - https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_89583_3da127684bfeae1fdb9905874666a7a8.pdf ER -