Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Information Needs of Addicted Individuals: A Qualitative Case Study
138
47
EN
Maryam
Eslami-Jahromi
0000-0002-3843-6083
Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sareh
Keshvardoost
0000-0002-5727-1616
Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
s.keshvardoost69@gmail.com
Roghayeh
Ershad-Sarabi
0000-0001-8926-0156
Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
Kambiz
Bahaadinbeigy
0000-0002-5430-3758
Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
kambizb321@gmail.com
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.312
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the information needs of addicts from the perspective of addicts. By identifying the experiences of the individuals involved in addiction and assessing the information they need, targeted educational interventions can be provided to meet their needs.<br />Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 addicts in two addiction outpatient clinics. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.<br />Findings: The information needs of the interviewees included recognizing types of addictive substances and the degree of dependence on them, awareness of the physical and psychological symptoms of addiction to various addictive substances, awareness of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, physical and psychological symptoms of quitting addiction, awareness of the length of treatment, knowledge about the dose and degree of dependence on drugs, recognizing the causes of failure in quitting addiction, awareness of governmental and non-governmental services, and awareness of the psychological measures and care services necessary after quitting addiction.<br />Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the knowledge and awareness of addicted individuals in various fields of addiction is low and it is necessary to provide education based on the information needs of these individuals. This requires the cooperation and efforts of policy makers, the Ministry of Education, welfare managers, and specialists in camps and addiction treatment centers. Specialists in addiction treatment clinics can use the information needs of addicts determined in this study to enrich the education of addicts.
Information needs,Addiction,qualitative research,awareness,Substance-related disorders
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91730.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91730_9695d9936aeb761d51465d2c1f296ff7.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Impact of Chronic Alcohol and Opioid Dependence on Biochemical Parameters: A Retrospective Case Control Study from a Tertiary Care Treatment Center in North India
148
55
EN
Rizwana
Quraishi
0000-0001-9759-0542
National Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
rizwanaquraishi@gmail.com
Siddharth
Sarkar
0000-0002-3827-1549
National Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
sidsarkar22@gmail.com
Raka
Jain
0000-0002-9239-0020
National Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
rakajain2009@gmail.com
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.1215
Background: Assessment of biochemical parameters can help in the comprehensive management of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). The aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical parameters of patients with alcohol and opioid dependence at an addiction treatment facility.<br />Methods: This retrospective study analysed the investigation reports of male patients (aged 18 to 70 years) who visited outpatient department (OPD) with primary diagnosis as opioid dependence syndrome (ODS) or alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). The data included liver function tests (LFTs), kidney function tests (KFTs), and electrolyte tests conducted in the laboratory in a span of one year.<br />Findings: The study included 713 ADS, 654 ODS, and 227 controls. The ADS group showed significant elevations in mean values of bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as compared to other groups. A significant decrease in albumin levels in ADS group and raised potassium levels in ODS group was observed. De Ritis ratio above threshold (AST/ALT > 2.0) alone and along with raised GGT levels was observed among 11.3% and 9.7% of patients with ADS, respectively (P < 0.001). Electrolyte abnormalities were present in about 20% of patients with ADS and ODS as compared to 8.4% among controls (P < 0.001).<br />Conclusion: LFT and electrolyte abnormalities are frequently observed in patients with alcohol and opioid dependence. De Ritis ratio along with raised GGT levels significantly denotes ADS group. These results merit attention in the course of clinical care of alcohol and opioid-dependent patients.
Opioid,Electrolytes,Kidney,Liver
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91731.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91731_8aa86019d8d080297b770a2df3e068c0.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Oral Health Determinants among Opium Users in Kerman, Iran
156
64
EN
Amir Hossein
Nekouei
0000-0003-0163-0912
Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Sina
Kakooei
0000-0001-7383-4098
Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
s.kakooei@yahoo.com
Hamid
Najafipour
0000-0002-8030-8704
Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
najafipourh@yahoo.co.uk
Shahla
Kakoei
0000-0002-0908-8788
Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
skakoei@gmail.com
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.307
Background: Promoting oral health is a complicated issue among drug abusers and opium is the most frequent drug abused in Iran. This study aims to find the oral health determinants of opium users in Kerman, Iran.<br />Methods: This cross-sectional study was a part of the second phase of Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS, 2014-2018). In this survey, the data of 1140 opium users were analyzed. The information about using a toothbrush, dental floss, number of dental visits at last year, age of first use of opium, duration, and opium consumption frequency was recorded. The total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was recorded by an oral examination. Poisson and logistic regressions analyses were used for assessing the relationship among variables.<br />Findings: The mean age of participants was 52 ± 12 years. 74.4% were men and 24.6% were women. The average DMFT index was 15.7 ± 7.6 and the prevalence of a healthy CPI score was 18.5%. Educational level (P < 0.001), brushing (P < 0.001), flossing (P < 0.001), dental visit (P < 0.001), first age of using opium (P < 0.001), frequency of consumption (P < 0.001), and age (P < 0.001) were associated with DMFT index. Only using floss (P < 0.001), dental visit [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, P = 0.030], frequency of consumption (OR = 2.92, P < 0.001), and age (P = 0.001) were associated with CPI score.<br />Conclusion: The frequency of opium consumption has the same effect on caries incidence as oral hygiene habits. Moreover, using dental floss has a more significant effect on the periodontal health of participants.
Oral Health,Opium dependence,Oral hygiene,Addictive behavior
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91732.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91732_7b6fccbe5292c3b2d58daf38d5c0f345.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Tramadol Treatment Induces Change in Phospho-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein and Delta and Mu Opioid Receptors within Hippocampus and Amygdala Areas of Rat Brain
165
75
EN
Hamid
Ahmadian-Moghadam
0000-0002-6362-6583
Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
h-ahmadianm@razi.tums.ac.ir
Mitra Sadat
Sadat-Shirazi
0000-0002-1905-2500
Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
Somaiyeh
Azmoun
0000-0003-4951-614X
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, USA
sazmo001@fiu.edu
Reza
Vafadoost
0000-0003-0042-9184
Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
Solmaz
Khalifeh
0000-0002-5192-6634
Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza
Zarrindast
0000-0002-0688-5378
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine AND Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies AND Endocrinology and
Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.306
Background: Tramadol induces its unique effects through opioid pathways, but the exact mechanism is not known. The study aims to evaluate changes in the level of mu-opioid receptor (μOR), delta-opioid receptor (δOR), and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB) in the hippocampus (HPC) and amygdala (AL) areas of tramadol-treated rats.<br />Methods: For this purpose, a total of 36 male rats were divided into two main groups for chronic or acute tramadol exposure. The animals were then exposed to 5 mg.kg-1 of tramadol, 10 mg.kg-1 of tramadol, and normal saline. The HPC and AL areas of the animals were dissected upon completion of the period. The levels of p-CREB and μOR were quantified using the western blotting technique. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis. The differences with the P-value lower than 0.05 were considered as significant.<br />Findings: In the HPC and AL areas of the brain, the level of μOR was decreased by acute tramadol exposure, while no significant difference was observed by chronic tramadol exposure. Moreover, results showed that the level of p-CREB dose-dependently increased by acute and chronic tramadol exposure.<br />Conclusion: HPC and AL are essential in the control of tramadol abuse. Tramadol abuse affects gene expression and transcription factors such as CREB. With acute drug tramadol treatments, the level of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) rapidly increases, while by chronic tramadol treatment, “peak and trough pattern is observing”. The activation of the rewarding mechanism is a precise instance of addictive behavior in tramadol-treated individuals.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91756.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91756_8a501e32b14117fa0629a1ebcfeb9a95.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Prevalence of Respiratory Disorders during Sleep among Subjects of Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program
176
84
EN
Ali
Talaei
0000-0002-7194-1479
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
talaeia@mums.ac.ir
Fahimeh
Afzaljavan
0000-0001-7413-6945
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
afzaljf991@mums.ac.ir
Shabnam
Niroumand
0000-0002-6479-1636
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
shabnamniroomand@yahoo.com
Raheleh
Nejati
0000-0001-8078-7082
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.311
Background: Respiratory disorders during sleep are considered a health problem affecting the life quality. There is some evidence indicating the higher prevalence of apnea in substance-dependent patients. However, there is no information on the prevalence of the disease in people under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the disease rate in these patients and consider the relationship of the increasing risk of apnea with some psychiatric problems.<br />Methods: Study group included 152 individuals under the MMT program. Baseline data were collected with the interview, and patients were considered using the STOP-BANG questionnaire to evaluate the risk of apnea. Furthermore, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) tests were performed for all participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.<br />Findings: Based on the STOP-BANG score categories, 37.5%, 40.1%, and 22.4% of patients indicated low, intermediate, and high risk of apnea, respectively. Moreover, severe daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were observed in 5.3%, 5.5%, 6.0%, and 21.1% of participants, respectively. Sex (P = 0.007) and daytime sleepiness (P = 0.048) were significantly different between low and high-risk groups of apnea after adjustment. Besides, age (P < 0.001) and fatigue (P = 0.007) were factors predicting the STOP-BANG score.<br />Conclusion: These findings revealed the higher prevalence of apnea in MMT patients compared to the general population of Iran and rising of the risk of apnea along with an increase in age and fatigue score. However, attention to the sleep disorders in MMT is a prominent factor that should be considered as a route of therapy.
Respiration disorders,Apnea,Opiate substitution treatment,Substance-related disorders
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91734.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91734_4f36f0ce1bd0359d2c15930210755887.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Awareness and Attitudes of Mongolian Adolescents and Youth toward Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-related Harm
185
93
EN
Khishigtogtokh
Dashpuntsag
0000-0002-5261-6224
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
khishigtogtokh@mnums.edu.mn
Unurtsetseg
Chandaga
0000-0001-6372-7205
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
unurtsetseg@mnums.edu.mn
Nyamsuren
Tserennadmid
0000-0001-5675-474X
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, School of Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
nyamsuren.ts@num.edu.mn
Udvaltsesteg
Bat-Ochir
0000-0003-2781-9238
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
udgii99@gmail.com
Yerkyebulan
Mukhtar
0000-0002-0912-1517
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
yerkyebulan@mnums.edu.mn
Gan Erdene
Altankhuyag
0000-0003-2463-4326
Department of Health Social Work and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical
Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Nadmidtseren
Gombodorj
0000-0003-0113-4070
Department of Health Social Work and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical
Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
nadmidtseren@mnums.edu.mn
Oyunbileg
Dulamsuren
0000-0001-6191-9326
Department of Health Social Work and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical
Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
oyunbileg.du@mnums.edu.mn
Myadagmaa
Jaalkhorol
0000-0002-5216-4678
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
myadagmaa@mnums.edu.mn
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.1250
Background: This study aimed to examine alcohol consumption among Mongolian adolescents and youth, as well as their awareness and attitudes toward alcohol-related consequences.<br />Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from students in secondary schools, colleges, and universities in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using descriptive analysis methods.<br />Findings: More than half of respondents had tried alcohol in the past, and 15.9% of high school students and 58.8% of university students had consumed alcohol in the last month (P = 0.0001). In total, 70.0% of respondents celebrated holidays with alcohol, 23.4% had economic problems due to alcohol consumption, 7.8% had health problems 1-2 times in the last 30 days, and roughly 36.0% had negative attitudes toward alcohol. Approximately, 15.0% of adolescents and young people had an insufficient understanding of anti-alcohol measures and laws.<br />Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Mongolian adolescents and youth have a high level of alcohol consumption and insufficient awareness and attitude regarding alcohol-related harm.
alcohol drinking,Attitude,Knowledge,awareness,Adolescent
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91750.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91750_d874b07b2fe0390effd98305b4866ad8.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
Pattern of Tobacco Use and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Following Tobacco Use among the COVID-19 Patients of a Tertiary Health Care Institution in Eastern India
194
204
EN
Bijaya Nanda
Naik
0000-0002-8581-0613
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
Sanjay
Pandey
0000-0002-0742-6763
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
drsanjayp69@gmail.com
Chandramani
Singh
0000-0002-5568-7036
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
drcmsingh@yahoo.con.in
Santosh Kumar
Nirala
0000-0002-2166-9470
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
Purusottam
Kumar
0000-0001-6265-9351
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
dr.puru81@gmail.com
Manisha
Verma
0000-0001-7918-5340
Department of Community and Family Medicine (CFM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
mani1oct.verma@gmail.com
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.1262
Background: COVID-19 presented an unprecedented situation in which behavioural factors including tobacco use were believed to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to find the tobacco use pattern among the COVID-19 patients and the perceived risk of developing severe COVID-19 following tobacco use.<br />Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted among 300 COVID-19 patients at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India, during November and December 2020 using a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed using statistical software and the results were presented as proportion and percentage.<br />Findings: About 27% and 16% of the COVID-19 patients were ever and current tobacco users, respectively. Quit attempts were found to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority (65%) of current tobacco users had reduced their amount of tobacco use. Nearly 2 in every 3 patients perceived high risk of developing severe COVID-19 following tobacco use. Perceived risk was significantly higher among tobacco non-users, patients who were aware of the ill health effects of tobacco use, and patients who had noticed anti-tobacco messages or had been advised to quit tobacco. Among the current tobacco users, a significantly higher proportion of patients who perceived high risk of developing severe COVID-19 following tobacco use had made quit attempts or had reduced tobacco consumption during the pandemic (76.7% vs. 40%; P = 0.032).<br />Conclusion: A high proportion of COVID-19 patients believed that tobacco use aggravated the COVID-19 condition. Increased quit attempts and reduction in tobacco consumption during this pandemic is a positive sign for tobacco control
Tobacco use cessation,COVID-19,Health risk appraisal,Pandemics
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91754.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91754_494ee79013d80f6a08d233db9fa76869.pdf
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
13
3
2021
08
01
How to “Immunize” Children against Drug and Alcohol Abuse
205
6
EN
Abedin
Iranpour
0000-0002-7746-5709
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance Institute for Futures Studies in
Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
eftkhara@sina.tums.ac.ir
10.22122/ahj.v13i3.308
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91737.html
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_91737_e89a73bc434c8543833b9fc897b931a0.pdf