ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between Personality Disorders and the Type of Crime Committed and Substance Used among Prisoners
Background: Prisoners are a vulnerable group within societies, and also threaten society due to their dangerous behavior. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between prisoners’ personality disorders and their crime and substance use.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all prisoners of Kerman, Iran. Through stratified random sampling, 228 prisoners (114 women and 114 men) were selected as the study subjects. Data were collected through clinical interviews by a psychiatrist [structured interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition (DSM-IV)], a social worker, and a physician and using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-2th Edition (MCMI-II) (the 175-item Persian version). Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and Fisher's z-distribution in SPSS software.Findings: The results showed that 87.3% of women and 83.3% of men had a personality disorder at the time of committing the crime. Moreover, 46.5% of the target population had developed substance dependence at the time of committing the crime. The highest percentage of substance abuse in both women and men was related to opium, especially in the age group of 18-28 years. The highest rates of mental disorders were related to major depressive disorder (MDD), dependent personality disorder (DPD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), respectively. In these personality disorders, opium, methamphetamine, heroin, and alcohol, respectively, had the highest rates of use. The results of Fisher's z-distribution illustrated a significant relationship between personality disorders and type of crime committed and substance used. The total rate of substance abuse was lower in sexual offenses and fraud, but was the highest in theft and drug trafficking.Conclusion: The presence of personality disorders in the target population is indicative of the need for judicial officials’ attention to this effective factor in crime and the use of mental health services and treatment instead of the penalty of deprivation of liberty.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84713_a1a9c70238add1d8086c86b66a90a893.pdf
2017-08-01
64
71
Personality disorder
crime
drugs
Prisoners
Shahin
Fakhrzadegan
1
Department of Criminology and Criminal Law, School of Low, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Gholami-Doon
2
Associate Professor, Department of Criminology and Criminal Law, School of Low and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bagher
Shamloo
3
Associate Professor, Department of Criminology and Criminal Law, School of Low, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Solmaz
Shokouhi-Moqhaddam
4
Senior Researcher, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Drug Abuse on Family Quality of Life
-
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84712_0924b5d89014b82f758b4b7e1437e92a.pdf
2017-08-10
118
119
Nader
Navabi
1
Associate Professor, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Asadi
2
Professor, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Nouzar
Nakhaee
nakhaeen@yahoo.com
3
Professor, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Prevalence and Associated Factors in the Southeast of Iran
Background: Waterpipe smoking is a growing public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess waterpipe smoking prevalence and its associated factors among Iranian adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, recruiting 1090 adult participants using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire was used. The socio-demographic characteristics and waterpipe smoking behaviors such as pattern, duration, and the most common place of waterpipe use, the type of tobacco, and the concurrent use of alcohol and substances were assessed. Data analyses were performed using chi-square, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression.Findings: The prevalence of ever, current and daily waterpipe smoking were 43.8%, 28.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. Men initiated to use waterpipe in more early ages than women (P < 0.001). Café or restaurant (34.4%) and friends' house (36.8%) were the most frequent places for waterpipe using by men and women, respectively. Men used waterpipe 2.8 times more frequently than women. Waterpipe smoking was 4.9 times more likely in the 18-24 years age range compared to the 45 years or older. Waterpipe use was 2.4 times greater in the unemployed than in housewives. People with a university education were 1.4 and 1.7 times more likely to use waterpipe compared to people with high school diploma and illiterates, respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed that men, high level of education, younger age and unemployment were associated with waterpipe smoking. Therefore, we need to design and implement more effective interventions, especially for vulnerable target groups.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84714_395da1ca2f420301843c00fe50ff9003.pdf
2017-08-01
72
80
Waterpipe smoking
Prevalence
risk factors
Behavior
Mina
Danaei
m.momeni@kmu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akram
Jabbarinejad-Kermani
2
Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Mohebbi
3
PhD Student, Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Momeni
4
Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Scurry WC Jr, Stack BC Jr. Role of metalloproteins in the clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2007; 29(12): 1144-55.
1
Rautelin HI, Oksanen AM, Veijola LI, Sipponen PI, Tervahartiala TI, Sorsa TA, et al. Enhanced systemic matrix metalloproteinase response in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Ann Med 2009; 41(3): 208-15.
2
Nagase H, Woessner JF Jr. Matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 1999; 274(31): 21491-4.
3
Fink K, Boratynski J. The role of metalloproteinases in modification of extracellular matrix in invasive tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 2012; 66: 609-28.
4
Stamenkovic I. Extracellular matrix remodelling: The role of matrix metalloproteinases. J Pathol 2003; 200(4): 448-64.
5
Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2(3): 161-74.
6
Torii A, Kodera Y, Uesaka K, Hirai T, Yasui K, Morimoto T, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 in human plasma has 96% specificity and 56% sensitivity for gastric cancer screening. Int J Clin Oncol 1996; 1(1): 39-43.
7
Nakamura T, Ebihara I, Shimada N, Koide H. Effect of cigarette smoking on plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration. Clin Chim Acta 1998; 276(2): 173-7.
8
Lim S, Roche N, Oliver BG, Mattos W, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Balance of matrix metalloprotease-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 from alveolar macrophages in cigarette smokers. Regulation by interleukin-10. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162(4 Pt 1): 1355-60.
9
Xu M, Scott JE, Liu KZ, Bishop HR, Renaud DE, Palmer RM, et al. The influence of nicotine on granulocytic differentiation-inhibition of the oxidative burst and bacterial killing and increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 release. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9: 19.
10
Khademi H, Malekzadeh R, Pourshams A, Jafari E, Salahi R, Semnani S, et al. Opium use and mortality in Golestan Cohort Study: Prospective cohort study of 50,000 adults in Iran. BMJ 2012; 344: e2502.
11
Masjedi MR, Naghan PA, Taslimi S, Yousefifard M, Ebrahimi SM, Khosravi A, et al. Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: A case-control study. Respiration 2013; 85(2): 112-8.
12
Naghibzadeh Tahami A, Khanjani N, Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Varzandeh M, Haghdoost AA. Opium as a risk factor for upper gastrointestinal cancers: A population-based case-control study in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17(1): 2-6.
13
Rodrigo JP, Dominguez F, Suarez V, Canel M, Secades P, Chiara MD. Focal adhesion kinase and E-cadherin as markers for nodal metastasis in laryngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 133(2): 145-50.
14
Schneider GB, Kurago Z, Zaharias R, Gruman LM, Schaller MD, Hendrix MJ. Elevated focal adhesion kinase expression facilitates oral tumor cell invasion. Cancer 2002; 95(12): 2508-15.
15
Field JK, Spandidos DA, Malliri A, Gosney JR, Yiagnisis M, Stell PM. Elevated P53 expression correlates with a history of heavy smoking in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer 1991; 64(3): 573-7.
16
Christopoulos TA, Papageorgakopoulou N, Theocharis DA, Mastronikolis NS, Papadas TA, Vynios DH. Hyaluronidase and CD44 hyaluronan receptor expression in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006; 1760(7): 1039-45.
17
Hashimoto T, Uchida K, Okayama N, Imate Y, Suehiro Y, Hamanaka Y, et al. Association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 promoter polymorphism with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2004; 211(1): 19-24.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cost-effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Centers in Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Background: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the greatest social health problems in many communities in the twenty-first century. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) could decrease HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU). The main aim of this paper was to determine the cost-effectiveness of the governmental MMT program to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among IDU.Methods: This analytical study was performed through a before-after assessment during a one-year period. Using census sampling, 251 IDU referred to the public MMT program of Kerman, Iran, were selected. The expenditures of MMT centers were calculated in the view of government (public sector). The cost-effectiveness was calculated using TreeAge software.Findings: MMT centers averted 86 new cases of HIV infection. The total cost of centers was US$471 per client in the year. The share of IDU from current expenditures was 35% and from capital expenditures was 32%. Also, methadone per capita for each person who injected drug was US$514. Per capita expenditure of HIV drug treatment was estimated US$8535 per year. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was US$2856 per year, which means governmental MMT program is cost-effective according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.Conclusion: MMT centers are cost-effective in preventing HIV infection and the access to this program should be facilitated for IDU.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84715_7c1ccc5b1b9740b3fee586cb5eb48af2.pdf
2017-08-01
81
87
Cost-benefit analysis
Methadone
maintenance
Therapeutics
HIV
Sirus
Pourkhajoei
mohsenbarooni@gmail.com
1
Department of Health Services Management and Health Policy and Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Barouni
2
Associate Professor, Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Noroozi
a_r_noroozi@yahoo.com
3
Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies AND Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Hajebi
hajebi.ahmad@gmail.com
4
Associate Professor, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Amini
5
PhD Student, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Karamouzian
karamouzian.m@gmail.com
6
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
AUTHOR
Hamid
Sharifi
sharifihami@gmail.com
7
Associate Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Evaluation of Relationship between Sexual Self-concept and Sexual Dysfunction in Individuals Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Background: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a causal model for the evaluation of sexual dysfunctions based on the variables of methadone dosage and sexual self-concept among individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods: The study population of the present study consisted of married men of 20 to 45 years of age with sexual relations and undergoing MMT for a minimum of 8 weeks referring to all MMT clinics of Kerman, Iran, in 2015-2016. The subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling (n = 250). Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multi-Dimensional Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (MSSQ), and Internal Index for Erectile Function (IIEF). Data were analyzed using path analysis method and Pearson correlation coefficient. The suggested model was evaluated using structural equation model (SEM), and indirect relationships were assessed using Bootstrap method.Findings: The suggested model showed acceptable fitness with the data, and all routes, except methadone use route, to sexual function were significant. The result of the multiple indirect route showed that sexual function had a significant relationship with methadone use through sexual self-concept. In total, 60% of variance in sexual dysfunction was explained using the variables of the suggested model.Conclusion: Further studies are suggested to be conducted regarding psychological factors effective on the sexual dysfunctions among individuals undergoing MMT, such as sexual self-concept. Moreover, more detailed evaluation of each subscale of positive and negative sexual self-concept is recommended to assess the psychological causes of sexual dysfunctions in these individuals and design psychological, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions for them.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84716_d7fc88e02a35e5495a6528ab98d75a53.pdf
2017-08-01
88
95
Sexual dysfunction
Methadone
Addiction
Sexual self-concept
Ghodratolah
Rajabizadeh
yazdanpanahfatemeh95@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmocology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Yazdanpanah
2
Resident, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Arash
Ramezani
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Sexual Health AND Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk Factors of Mortality Due to Acute Opium Poisoning: A Report from the Largest Intoxication Referral Center in Iran
Background: Studies have shown that Iran has a high rate of opiate abuse and the most prevalently used is opium. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors in patients with acute opium intoxication who referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2011.Methods: A total number of 383 patients with acute opium overdose, who were referred to the Emergency Department of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran during 2011, were enrolled into this descriptive, cross-sectional study. Clinical data including level of consciousness, vital signs, mode of consumption, medical management, and laboratory results were recorded. Independent t-test was used to analyze the results.Findings: Level of consciousness at admission was lower in patients who expired compared to survivors (P = 0.020). Respiratory depression and tachycardia were both more common among patients who expired compared to survivors (P = 0.001). Increase in urea, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was more common among patients who died compared to survivors and the relationships between death due to opium poisoning and increase in these factors were all statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: The findings of this study clarify the importance of clinical and laboratory findings of patients with opium poisoning in predicting their outcome, although further studies in this context are appreciated.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84717_1d2dd3a6e03eff9941912a82104f9777.pdf
2017-09-21
96
102
Opium
Poisoning
mortality
Iran
Sahar
Rismantab-Sani
siamaksoltani92@yahoo.com
1
Fellowship, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Babak
Soltani
2
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Siamak
Soltani
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azadeh
Memarian
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Linden CH, Burns MJ. Poisoning and drug overdosage. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005. p. 2580-81.
1
Donovan JW, Burkhart KK, Brent J. The critically poisoned patient. In: Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK, Phillips SD, Donovan JW, editors. Critical care toxicology: diagnosis and management of the critically poisoned patient. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. p. 2-3.
2
Hantson P, Duprez T. The value of morphological neuroimaging after acute exposure to toxic substances. Toxicol Rev 2006; 25(2): 87-98.
3
Prockop LD. Carbon monoxide brain toxicity: Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological effects in 9 people. J Neuroimaging 2005; 15(2): 144-9.
4
Sefidbakht S, Rasekhi AR, Kamali K, Borhani HA, Salooti A, Meshksar A, et al. Methanol poisoning: Acute MR and CT findings in nine patients. Neuroradiology 2007; 49(5): 427-35.
5
Taheri MS, Moghaddam HH, Moharamzad Y, Dadgari S, Nahvi V. The value of brain CT findings in acute methanol toxicity. Eur J Radiol 2010; 73(2): 211-4.
6
Reneman L, Habraken JB, Majoie CB, Booij J, den Heeten GJ. MDMA ("Ecstasy") and its association with cerebrovascular accidents: preliminary findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21(6): 1001-7.
7
Taheri MS, Noori M, Shakiba M, Jalali AH. Brain CT-scan findings in unconscious patients after poisoning. Int J Biomed Sci 2011; 7(1): 1-5.
8
Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, Jr., Klein-Schwartz W, Reid N, Youniss J, et al. 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23(5): 589-666.
9
Green TC, Grau LE, Carver HW, Kinzly M, Heimer R. Epidemiologic trends and geographic patterns of fatal opioid intoxications in Connecticut, USA: 1997-2007. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 115(3): 221-8.
10
Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, Banta-Green CJ, Merrill JO, Sullivan MD, et al. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152(2): 85-92.
11
Karbakhsh M, Salehian ZN. Acute opiate overdose in Tehran: The forgotten role of opium. Addict Behav 2007; 32(9): 1835-42.
12
Ahmadi J, Hasani M. Prevalence of substance use among Iranian high school students. Addict Behav 2003; 28(2): 375-9.
13
Ziaaddini H, Ziaaddini MR. The household survey of drug abuse in Kerman, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences 2005; 5: 380-2.
14
Shadnia S, Esmaily H, Sasanian G, Pajoumand A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Abdollahi M. Pattern of acute poisoning in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 26(9): 753-6.
15
Karbakhsh M, Zandi NS. Pattern of poisoning in the elderly: an experience from Tehran. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 46(3): 211-7.
16
Ahmadi A, Pakravan N, Ghazizadeh Z. Pattern of acute food, drug, and chemical poisoning in Sari City, Northern Iran. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29(9): 731-8.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Substance Abuse among Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of substance abuse among students of selected schools of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among students in five schools of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire which was designed by the researcher. Questionnaires were distributed among participants selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 422 questionnaires were filled and analyzed.Findings: In total, 422 students aged 19 to 32 years participated in this study among which 233 were women (55.2%) and 187 were men (44.3%). The highest prevalence belonged to smoking (26.3%), alcohol (19.9%), and hookah (14.9%) use, respectively. The results showed that 311 participants (73.7%) had never smoked a cigarette, 111 (26.3%) had smoked at least once, and 84 students (19.9%) had consumed alcoholic drinks at least once in their lifetime. There was no meaningful difference in smoking and alcohol use in terms of students’ gender. Mother’s educational level (P = 0.006) and financial income (P = 0.049) had significant effect on alcohol consumption.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that gender differences have reduced in cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as seen in western countries, which should be taken into consideration. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be higher compared to other similar studies conducted in Iran which is significant.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84710_85e7e4dd33ade08668631d7524ec1d7c.pdf
2017-08-01
103
109
Students
Substance abuse
Prevalence
Iran
Rosanna
Mozafarinia
mozaffariniarosanna@gmail.com
1
Student of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Assarian
2
Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs AND Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ziaaddini
3
General Practitioner, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Intervention of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptors of the Amygdala Central Nucleus on the Sensitivity of the Morphine-Induced Conditionally Preferred Location in Wistar Female Rats
Background: The amygdala is one of the nerve centers involved in drug reward. It is suggested that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is involved in morphine dependency. The CeA gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system is a mediator of morphine rewarding effects. In this research, the effects of stimulation or inhibition of CeA GABA type B (GABAB) receptors on sensitization acquisition to morphine-induced reward was evaluated in Wistar female rats using conditioned place preferential (CPP) method.Methods: Wistar female rats provided by Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, were allocated into 17 groups including 7 groups of determining morphine dose-response, 2 groups of sensitivity and control, and 8 groups of different doses of agonists and antagonists in the acquisition stage (n = 7 in each group). Various quantities of morphine (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg of animal weight) were used to determine the effective and neutral doses of morphine. After 5 days from the start of the surgery, sensitization was induced. After the end of the sensitization period, CPP was conducted. Baclofen and CGP35348, as an agonist and antagonist of GABAB respectively, with the dose of 1.5, 6 and 12 μg/rat were inserted to the CeA, ten minutes before taking morphine.Findings: Administration of baclofen had no significant effect on the acquisition of morphine sensitization. In contrast, injection of CGP35348 reduced the sensitivity to morphine.Conclusion: GABA receptors can be effective in reducing morphine tendency by specific receptors, so these sites can be important therapeutic targets in counteracting the effects of drug abuse.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84711_0123106512a1ff4dac0bff6fd1b61cfe.pdf
2017-09-21
110
117
Morphine
Baclofen
Rats
Amygdala
Firoozeh
Alavian
f.alavian@cfu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeedeh
Ghiasvand
s.ghiasvand@modares.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
AUTHOR
Hedayat
Sahraei
3
Professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center AND Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Rafiei-Rad
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran
AUTHOR