eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-05-04
9
1
1
10
84701
Original Article(s)
Methadone Replacement Therapy and Sexual Disorders among Opium Dependent Iranian Men: A Meta-Analysis Study
Masoudeh Babakhanian
babakhanian.m@semums.ac.ir
1
Ali Akbar Haghdoost
2
Mahdi Afshari
mehdiafshari16@yahoo.com
3
Fatemeh Taghizadeh
fatemehtaghizadeh93@gmail.com
4
Mahmood Moosazadeh
mmoosazadeh1351@gmail.com
5
PhD Student, Student Research Committee, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Professor, Research Center for Modelling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
PhD Student, Student Research Committee, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Background: Evaluation of sexual disorders among persons receiving methadone replacement therapy is of great importance, because these problems may lead to non-compliance and relapse. This study aimed to estimate the effect of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) on sexual function among addicted Iranian men using met-analysis.Methods: Investigating the available data banks, relevant studies were identified. After exclusion of duplicates, irrelevant papers and low quality articles, eligible papers were entered into the meta-analysis. Prevalence and standardized mean difference of sexual function scores were illustrated by forest plots based on sexual desire, orgasm and erectile function.Findings: During the primary search, 5341 evidences were identified. After application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment, nine papers were detected eligible for final meta-analysis. Total prevalence [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of sexual disorders and erectile dysfunction among Iranian men under methadone therapy were estimated as 66.3% (27.1-105.5) and 77.5% (61.9-93.1), respectively. The standardized mean differences (95% CI) of Sexual desire, orgasm and erection before and after methadone therapy were estimated as 0.16 (-0.68, 0.99), -0.01 (-0.75, 0.74) and 0.11 (-0.41, 0.64), respectively.Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that methadone therapy did not significantly influence the sexual desire, erectile function and orgasm among opium dependent men.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84701_02c21e37de347e9428574e37f6d4cea4.pdf
Methadone Therapy
Sexual dysfunction
libido
Orgasm
Erection
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-05-04
9
1
59
63
84708
Case Report(s)
Loperamide Dependence: A Case Report
Mehran Zarghami
mehran.zarghami@gmail.com
1
Maryam Rezapour
mr.mns.mr@gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine AND Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Resident, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Background: Loperamide is used as an antidiarrheal drug and is available over-the-counter. It cannot pass the blood-brain barrier and it does not have a considerable abuse potential. It can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmia.Case Report: Herein, we report a 35-year-old man with a 13-year history of abusing opioids who had undergone detoxification for four times during this period. He underwent detoxification for using 200 mg loperamide daily with anticholinergic agents, clonidine, non-steroidal analgesics, and diazepam. No evidence of arrhythmia was seen in the patient.Conclusion: Tolerating high doses of loperamide could be dangerous and increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84708_e8f9dee7edffbed101084ce0e655d48d.pdf
Loperamide
Addiction
Cardiac arrhythmia
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-05-04
9
1
11
16
84702
Original Article(s)
A Case-Control Study of Comparison of Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Inhaled Opium Addicts and Clinically Healthy Persons
Maryam Amizadeh
ma74ir@yahoo.com
1
Shahryar Dabiri
2
Armin Javedan
3
Ali Eftekharian
4
Aliasghar Arabi
5
Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Unit, Shafa Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Professor, Department of Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Student of Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Shafa Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Unit, Shafa Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
cancer invasion and lymphatic metastasis. Smoking has been reported to increase the metalloproteinase level, but the role of opium consumption in metalloproteinase level has not yet been examined. The current research intended to examine the impacts of opium consumption on the serum levels of metalloproteinase.Methods: This case-control research was conducted in Kerman (in the southeast of Iran), after getting medical approve by the ethics committee. Case group of 33 non-smokers with no active inflammatory diseases who had the experience of inhaled opium and its derivatives were compared with a control group of 40 non-smokers with no active inflammatory disease and no experience of inhaled opium and its derivatives. Student’s t-test, mean, and chi-square test were employed to determine the correlation between the variables.Findings: No statistically meaningful variation was detected in plasma metalloproteinase concentration between the case and control groups (P = 0.160). Also, there was no significant relation between the plasma metalloproteinase concentration and urinary morphine in case groups (P = 0.410), but a statistically significant correlation was found between gender and metalloproteinase in both the case and control groups (P = 0.003).
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84702_d44a082e6bc60b712d2d31c73749c822.pdf
metalloproteinase
Opium
case-control studies
Iran
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-05-04
9
1
17
23
84703
Original Article(s)
Comparison between Homocysteine, Fibrinogen, PT, PTT, INR and CRP in Male Smokers with/without Addiction to Opium
Nahid Azdaki
nahidazdaki@yahoo.com
1
Mahmood Zardast
2
Gholamreza Anani-Sarab
3
Hamid Abdorrazaghnaejad
4
Mohammad Reza Ghasemian
5
Amin Saburi
aminsaburi@yahoo.com
6
Assistant Professor, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Associate Professor, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Associate Professor, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Resident, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Resident, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Background: Regarding the limited studies about effects of addiction on coagulation factors as a risk factor for increasing coagulation, and its relation to coronary artery disease, we decided to investigate the effect of opium on inflammatory and coagulation factors in a controlled setting.Methods: This case-control study was performed using two groups of smoking males addicted to opium (27 cases) and not addicted to opium (27 cases). After collecting demographic data, venous blood samples were gathered and sent to laboratory for measuring homocysteine, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), International Normalized Ratio (INR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) quantity. In order to analyze the data, we used independent t-test plus Mann-Whitney test with significance level of P < 0.05.Findings: The average age in this study was 32.2 ± 6.2 in case group and 33.3 ± 6.2 in control group. Comparing case and control groups regarding age and education showed no significant difference (P = 0.598 and P = 0.848, respectively). Mean daily smoking in case group was 7.9 ± 5.4 and 8.1 ± 5.0 in control group. Mean smoking duration in case group and control group was 10.1 ± 6.5 and 9.0 ± 7.2 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding smoking duration (P = 0.567). Comparison of inflammatory and coagulation factors showed no significant difference except for CRP and fibrinogen for which P = 0.661 and P = 0.889, respectively. Consumption-based comparison of inflammatory and coagulation factors showed no significant difference except for PT in oral and inhaled consumptions which showed a significant difference (P = 0.035).Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that opium addiction can be an influential factor in blood parameters and can lead to inflammatory and coagulation processes complications.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84703_552ee759d36c46e5911e1dce135655b1.pdf
Addiction
homocysteine
fibrinogen
PROTHROMBIN TIME
PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME
International normalized ratio
C-reactive protein
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-06-19
9
1
24
31
84704
Original Article(s)
Effectiveness of Resilience Training on Ego-control and Hardiness of Illicit Drug Users
Amin Roustaei
1
Babollah Bakhshipoor
2
Younes Doostian
3
Ali Akbar Goodiny
4
Mansoureh Koohikar
5
Omid Massah
omchomch@gmail.com
6
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Payame Nour University, Sari, Iran
Assistant Professor, Department of Consulting, Payame Nour University of Sari, Sari, Iran
PhD Student, Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
PhD Student, Department of Consulting, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Researcher, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of resilience training upon ego-control and hardiness of the addicted persons.Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest control groups which was conducted in Sari, Iran, during 2014-2015. Thirty persons were selected among 240 illicit drug users who underwent screening. Resilience training was performed in ten sessions for the experimental group. The Kobasa hardiness questionnaire and self-restraint scale (SRS) were used for data collection and multivariate covariance test was performed for data analysis.Findings: According to the data, ego-control and hardiness of participants were improved significantly by resilience training (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Resilience training is effective upon the rate of ego–control and self-restraint and hardiness. This method can be used in addiction treatment clinics and residential centers.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84704_2b3d3434340cd3c7bc070c296ab85255.pdf
Resilience
hardiness
Illicit drug users
Substance use disorders
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-07-04
9
1
32
39
84705
Original Article(s)
Typology of Street Substance Users' Communities in Tehran, Iran
Masoomeh Maarefvand
arammaref@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Sadegh Shirazi
2
Raha Peyravi
3
Ali Farhoudian
ali.farhoudian@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Researcher, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Researcher, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: There are different street substance users' communities (SSUCs). Typology of SSUCs in Tehran, Iran was approached in this qualitative study.Methods: Using content analysis and saturation principles, 22 street-outreach workers were recruited and interviewed. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.Findings: Three types of SSUCs were identified. SSUCs were different in geographic location, the community hierarchy, roles of residents and its function during a 24-hour period. Type 1: surrounded naturally by trees, mountains etc. or located in places like canals that make them not simply reachable, a nonresident smuggler (or a small group of smugglers) has the most power in its hierarchy, works 24 hours with at least two shifts, structured with special roles (nonresident smuggler, the Balancer, sex-worker, seller, armed guard, resident substance users and nonresident costumers). Type 2: mostly located in the city gardens, several nonresident smugglers with limited power, works 16 hours or less in a day, semi-structured with roles of nonresident drug dealer, sex-worker, resident substance users and nonresident costumers. Type 3: houses that their landlords are the resident drug dealers and let the costumers to use drug in the house. The substance users have to leave the house after using drug. The house is open less than 24 hours a day.Conclusion: Strategies for delivering harm reduction services in different types of SSUCs should be modified according to characteristics of these communities.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84705_59a78068681ebed16d54b5798c42298c.pdf
Harm reduction
Substance use disorders
Iran
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-07-04
9
1
40
47
84706
Original Article(s)
Sexual Risk Behaviors and Condom Use Barriers in Iranian Men with Substance Use Disorders
Effat Merghati-Khoei
effat_mer@yahoo.com
1
Zahed Rezaei
zahed.rezaei1991@gmail.com
2
Davood Shojaei-Zadeh
3
Nammam Ali Azadi
4
Shahnaz Rimaz
5
Alireza Bayat
6
Saeedeh Moayedi-Nia
7
Sanaz Omati
8
Farahnaz Salimi
9
Jeffrey Korte
10
Therese Killeen
11
Minoo Mohraz
minoomohraz@ams.ac.ir
12
Associate Professor, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
MSc Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Psychologist, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
MSc Student, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
Professor, Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: We aimed to investigate risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) and condom use barriers in Iranian men with substance use disorders (SUDs).Methods: Of the total 1800 outpatient drug free (ODF) and methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) active centers in Tehran, Iran, six were selected to participate in the current study. Data were collected (n = 300 men) using three questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ), and the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS). The statistical software R, analysis of variance post hoc and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) logistic regression tests were used in data analysis.Findings: The majority, (n = 194, 64.7%) reported at least one lifetime episode of RSBs. Compared to married participants (23.1%), 88.5% of single and 87.0% of divorced men had a history of RSB. Generally, the lowest and highest subscale scores of the CBS were related to sexual experience (2.60 ± 0.71) and access/availability structure (3.77 ± 0.54), respectively. The results of MANOVA analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the CSB subscales based on the participants' education and marital status (P < 0.001). Only the partner barrier subscale had a significant negative relationship (P = 0.003) with RSB.Conclusion: Sexual dynamic of Iranian men with SUDs is different. Barriers to condom use seem to be socio-culturally determined. Culturally acceptable strategies need to be utilized in Iranian clinical settings reaching beyond simply condom accessibility for this at risk population.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84706_8b7dfb13f82625325087c46141f73055.pdf
Sexual risk behaviors
Condoms
Substance abuse
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Men
eng
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Addiction and Health
2008-4633
2008-8469
2017-07-04
9
1
48
58
84707
Original Article(s)
Content Analysis of the Concept of Addiction in High School Textbooks of Iran
Mohammad Hasan Mirzamohammadi
1
Sayedeh Zainab Mousavi
2
Omid Massah
omchomch@gmail.com
3
Ali Farhoudian
ali.farhoudian@gmail.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, School of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Educational Sciences, School of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Senior Researcher, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Psychiatrist, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: This research sought to determine how well the causes of addiction, addiction harms, and prevention of addiction have been noticed in high school textbooks.Methods: We used descriptive method to select the main related components of the addiction concept and content analysis method for analyzing the content of textbooks. The study population comprised 61 secondary school curriculum textbooks and study sample consisted of 14 secondary school textbooks selected by purposeful sampling method. The tools for collecting data were “content analysis inventory” which its validity was confirmed by educational and social sciences experts and its reliability has been found to be 91%. About 67 components were prepared for content analysis and were divided to 3 categories of causes, harms, and prevention of addiction. The analysis units in this study comprised phrases, topics, examples, course topics, words, poems, images, questions, tables, and exercises.Findings: Results of the study showed that the components of the addiction concept have presented with 212 remarks in the textbooks. Also, the degree of attention given to any of the 3 main components of the addiction concept were presented as follows: causes with 52 (24.52%) remarks, harm with 89 (41.98%) remarks, and prevention with 71 (33.49%) remarks.Conclusion: In high school textbooks, little attention has been paid to the concept of addiction and mostly its biological dimension were addressed while social, personal, familial, and religious dimensions of addiction have been neglected.
https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84707_5c16ce49e4a18d15eda65126cab137e0.pdf
harm
Substance addiction
Prevention
content analysis
high school
Curriculum
Causes